Alex Hughes top-scored with 39 as 12 wickets fell on Day One of the Specsavers County Championship game against Gloucestershire at The Pattonair County Ground.
Hughes, along with Fynn Hudson-Prentice (38) and Logan van Beek (34 not out) helped Derbyshire to a first innings total of 200 on the opening day.
Ravi Rampaul and Luis Reece both struck before the close of play to reduce Gloucestershire to 46-2, with Chris Dent (20*) and Miles Hammond (16*) set to resume on Day Two.
Openers Billy Godleman (0) and Reece (3) fell early, after an uncontested toss saw the visitors bowl first in Derby.
Wayne Madsen added 21 to the score, but he was bowled by Ryan Higgins, before Leus du Plooy (15) and Tom Lace (16) both fell before lunch.
Higgins, who had taken 35 wickets in the Specsavers County Championship Division Two prior to this match, went in at lunch with figures of 3-13, with the hosts 62-5.
The all-rounder struck again shortly after the interval. having Harvey Hosein (6) caught by Miles Hammond, before he completed his five-wicket haul by bowling Hughes for 39 in the final over before tea.
A partnership of 36 for the final wicket between Logan van Beek (34 not out) and Ravi Rampaul (5) helped the hosts to a total of 200, before the latter was caught by James Bracey off Josh Shaw (3-50).
Rampaul and Reece opened the bowling for the hosts with 19 overs left to play in the day, and they would both make breakthroughs before the close of play.
First, Reece had Bracey caught behind for five, before Rampaul dismissed Roderick for nought, caught by Matt Critchley to leave the visitors 24-2.
Gloucestershire ended the day on 42-2, still trailing by 158 with Dent (20 not out) and Hammond (16 not out) set to resume on the second morning in Derby.
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